giovedì 26 ottobre 2023

Francis Bacon: opere dubbie nel catalogo "ragionato" dell'ESTATE di Londra

 SONO APPARSE OPERE DUBBIE

Francis Bacon: Il folle affare da un milione di dollari con il suo patrimonio


di Silke Müller

STERN, 6 novembre 2016, 16:01


Il 2016 è l'anno di Francis Bacon: cinque grandi mostre in tutto il mondo celebrano l'artista, e un catalogo ragionato vanta circa 100 dipinti precedentemente sconosciuti. Il mercato dell’arte sta diventando un business da milioni di dollari. A tirare le fila sono gli esecutori testamentari dell'artista.

"E ora arriviamo al lotto 8A, visibile a sinistra, a voi a destra, signore e signori, il magnifico trittico 'Lucien Freud' di Francis Bacon del 1969. Che meraviglia, eccolo qui."



New York , 12 novembre 2013. Nella sala d'asta della casa d'aste Christie's al Rockefeller Center, l'asta serale di arte contemporanea e del dopoguerra si avvicina al suo culmine. La guerra delle offerte è aperta. Il denaro è nell'aria. E silenzio. Il banditore Jussi Pilkkanen scoppia in una risata e incoraggia la prima offerta: "Silenzio, cominciamo adesso!" Quindi un "80 milioni di dollari!" riscattati, seguito da un "85 milioni di dollari!" che spinge in avanti. Poi "90, ne ho 90".

Il prezzo sale in incrementi di cinque milioni fino a 120. Poi 121, 122, due offerenti al telefono ora si contendono la foto, nella stanza c'è un silenzio teso. Con 126 milioni di dollari, Pylkkanen si sporge sulla scrivania come se volesse raccogliere lui stesso i milioni e afferma: "Un momento storico".

Alla fine, con il consueto ricarico per la casa d'aste, il dipinto in tre parti è andato a Elaine Wynn, l'ex moglie del magnate dei casinò di Las Vegas Stephen Wynn, per $ 142.405.000. Colpo di martello, “Venduto!”, record mondiale.


L'artista più costoso del mondo

Il pittore Francis Bacon, nato a Dublino nel 1909, figlio di un domatore di cavalli inglese, autodidatta senza alcuna formazione scolastica significativa, era già considerato in vita l'artista contemporaneo più costoso. Le sue immagini di persone che sembrano dissolversi in masse di carne, di papi urlanti e corpi che si contorcono sembrano ancora oggi enigmatiche e inquietanti.

Dalla sua morte, avvenuta nel 1992, è scoppiata una battaglia incessante per l'eredità del pittore, stimata in circa 100 milioni di sterline inglesi, e per l'autorità di interpretare la sua opera. E le poche opere importanti che riescono ad arrivare sul mercato sono diventate trofei di miliardari di hedge fund come J. Tomilson Hill di Blackstone e oligarchi russi come Roman Abramovic. Chi non riesce a procurarsi un originale di Bacon con i mezzi convenzionali ricorre a metodi più brutali: a marzo si è saputo che cinque quadri del valore di oltre 30 milioni di euro erano stati rubati dall'appartamento dell'ultimo amante di Bacon a Madrid.

 
All'improvviso il nuovo Bacon funziona ovunque

Quest'anno la Bacon mania ha raggiunto un nuovo culmine con mostre a Liverpool, Monaco

Nel giugno di quest'anno, l' ESTATE ha pubblicato tutte le opere classificate come autentiche in un'opera magnum di cinque volumi in un cofanetto nero, del peso di 15 chili e del costo di 1.000 sterline inglesi . E secondo la pratica comune del commercio d'arte da ora in poi vale quanto segue: quello che c'è dentro è reale.

Molti proprietari di un dipinto che prima era appeso al muro senza documenti e che poteva essere descritto solo come "attribuito a Bacon" possono ora aspettarsi un aumento di valore difficile da quantificare. E le case d'asta, avide di grandi nomi e di opere mai battute prima, cioè di opere fresche sul mercato, sono da tempo ai blocchi di partenza.

£ 400.000 per un prodotto di scarto

Quasi tutto ciò che può essere associato a Bacon attualmente può essere venduto: uno studio di Bacon goffo e probabilmente giustamente rifiutato, che un artista inglese ha tagliato in due, rivoltato e dipinto con paesaggi, è stato venduto a marzo a 434.500 sterline, 15 volte la cifra prevista casa d'aste. E un acquirente si è assicurato due guanti per la mano sinistra che Bacon avrebbe indossato mentre dipingeva, per quasi £ 7.000.

All'asta le opere di Bacon vengono spesso vendute tra i 10 ei 30 milioni di euro. I prezzi variano notevolmente, a seconda delle dimensioni, dell'importanza e dell'apprezzamento del pubblico dell'opera. E secondo la sua impressione: le opere oscure di solito quotano meno. Con circa 100 immagini appena pubblicate, il mercato dell'arte ha un potenziale di centinaia di milioni di euro.

Ne trarranno vantaggio numerosi consulenti d'arte, galleristi, case d'asta e, non ultimo, coloro che stabiliscono contatti tra potenziali acquirenti e proprietari disposti a vendere, elencati nel catalogo ragionato come collezionisti privati ​​anonimi: solo l'Estate Francis Bacon [NdT: una società dormiente iscritta alla camera di commercio di Londra, con partecipazione offshore...] può farlo.


È in gioco la reputazione del pittore

Il rovescio della medaglia del grande attrito: è in gioco la reputazione del pittore. Gli autori, Martin Harrison e la sua assistente Rebecca Daniels, affermano di includere nell'elenco tutto ciò che, secondo le loro scoperte, può essere attribuito alla mano di Francis Bacon: comprese quelle opere che il pittore strappò, tagliò e dipinse con ben noto furore, per poi gettarle nella spazzatura. E che miracolosamente sono sopravvissute.

Con le riscoperte, i tentativi falliti e tutto ciò che Bacon riconosceva ancora durante la sua vita, l'opera del pittore è passata dalle 221 opere documentate nel primo catalogo ragionato del 1964 alle 584 di oggi.

Qualcuno che conosceva molto bene Bacon ed è considerato il principale biografo dell'artista, ha messo all'asta a febbraio un'opera di Bacon di lunga data. Perché sapeva che sul mercato sarebbe entrata un'ondata di opere nuove, a volte scadenti? Michael Peppiatt scuote la testa. "Il dipinto era la mia cassa pensione. A causa del grande aumento di valore negli ultimi anni, non potevo nemmeno permettermi un'assicurazione, quindi l'ho sempre prestato a musei e mostre. Almeno così era al sicuro ."

Il regalo dell'amico ha fruttato quasi cinque milioni di sterline. Quest'anno Peppiatt compie 75 anni e continua a liberarsi dall'incantesimo del suo mentore con ogni libro, ogni mostra e proprio con questa vendita. Ora sta scambiando il ricordo con una casa sulla Costa Azzurra.

Incontro con il biografo

Peppiatt si trova al primo piano del Café de Flore in Boulevard Saint-Germain, Parigi. Ha scelto questo luogo perché rappresenta i bei vecchi tempi, quando Parigi era il luogo dei desideri di artisti e intellettuali provenienti da tutto il mondo. Quando ancora i dipinti provocavano dibattiti esistenziali. E quando il giovane storico dell’arte londinese Peppiatt cercò e trovò qui la sua fortuna nel 1966.

Il celebre autore ha recentemente raccontato quanto la sua storia sia strettamente legata alla vita e all'opera di Bacon, e quanto debba al pittore, nella doppia biografia "Francis Bacon in your blood", pubblicata a Londra nel 2015: "Un conoscente pazzo, malvagio e pericoloso, e lo era, Francis Bacon è diventato per me una figura paterna e l'influenza più importante sulla mia vita."

Peppiatt aveva 21 anni ed era studente a Cambridge quando fondò la sua prima rivista nel 1963 e voleva fare un'intervista con l'allora 53enne Francis Bacon. Incontrò il famigerato bevitore, giocatore d'azzardo e amante di giovani piccoli gangster in un bar di Londra e iniziò una relazione che si sarebbe conclusa solo con la morte di Bacon.

Fama incredibile e dramma personale

Bacon era all'inizio del suo decennio migliore e di maggior successo: nel 1958 firmò con la principale galleria londinese Marlborough, nel 1962 la Tate Gallery lo consacrò nella storia dell'arte con una retrospettiva, nel 1963 seguì il Guggenheim Museum di New York, e nel 1964 fu pubblicato il suo attuale catalogo ragionato. Il trionfo andò di pari passo con il dramma personale di Bacon: poco prima dell'apertura dello spettacolo alla Tate nel 1962, l'amante di Bacon, Peter Lacy, si ubriacò fino alla morte. E nel 1971, alla vigilia della celebre mostra al Grand Palais di Parigi, l'amante di Bacon, George Dyer, si uccise.

Se la sua carriera crebbe così rapidamente e con costanza, Bacon lo deve al brillante mercante d'arte Frank Lloyd, un ebreo viennese emigrato a Londra che fondò la Marlborough, probabilmente la galleria più influente del dopoguerra. Lloyd operava con la stessa efficienza di una banca d'investimento. Gli artisti ricevevano anticipi, pagamenti mensili fissi e tutte le loro questioni finanziarie venivano gestite dalla galleria. E producevano valori di scambio che Lloyd seppe moltiplicare.

A Bacon piaceva il denaro, ma non lo contava. Un pomeriggio è partito, seguendo una scia di amici che ha invitato alla buona tavola, allo champagne e al Bordeaux, per poi proseguire nei bar di Soho, "The French House", la mitica "Colony Room", il Coronation Club . E Peppiatt, affascinato da questo mondo che gli era estraneo, lo seguì.

"Quando viaggi con Bacon, devi essere in grado di tenere il passo", afferma Peppiatt. "Non importa quanto hai bevuto con lui la sera prima, non c'è questione di bere di meno il giorno dopo. Francis sembrava pensare che l'unica soluzione fosse l'eccesso costante e implacabile."

Bevi la sera, dipingi la mattina

Ma con la stessa costanza con cui Bacon si dedicava alla sua baldoria notturna, la mattina dopo si trovava nel suo studio e lavorava sulle sue tele. Ha scoperto la pittura in età avanzata e ha iniziato a dedicarsi seriamente alla sua carriera solo all'età di 35 anni. Il suo approccio non era accademico sotto ogni aspetto: senza una formazione classica, si abbandonava alla creatività eruttiva e produceva a un livello incoerente. Principio di prova ed errore. "La sottile differenza che fa tra fallimento e successo nasce da una profonda convinzione e viene attuata senza pietà", scriveva John Rothenstein nel 1962, che, come direttore della Tate Gallery di Londra, organizzò la prima grande retrospettiva del pittore e co-editò il catalogo ragionato del 1964.

La pittura rimase l'unica cosa costante nella sua vita. Da quando il padre lo sorprese vestito nei panni di sua madre e lo mandò a Berlino presso uno zio per disciplinarlo, Bacon viaggiò attraverso l'Europa e il Nord Africa, cercò sostegno nei compagni, perse due amanti e riversò il suo dolore nell'arte. Era immerso nella rivelazione del nulla, dice Peppiatt. Questo gli ha dato la libertà. Ma lo ha anche privato di ogni speranza.

I dipinti di Bacon documentano questa battaglia epica tra la ricerca della verità e la distruzione: "Devi deformare l'apparenza in un'immagine", così descrive il suo metodo di lavoro. "Sto solo cercando di piegare qualcosa alla verità."

Nella sua ricerca dell'assoluto, Bacon non era schizzinoso, né nella vita né nell'arte. Ha cancellato quasi completamente i suoi primi lavori degli anni '20 e '30. Si dice che solo nel 1949 abbia distrutto più di 700 opere. Ma non tutte le tele sono cadute vittime del disprezzo e dei dubbi di Bacon. "C'era una pila di opere scartate nel suo studio", riferisce Peppiatt. E dice che i lavori scartati continuavano a spuntare da qualche parte, in studi abbandonati, presso vecchi compagni o persone che avevano accesso allo studio.

Ora, con la pubblicazione del nuovo catalogo ragionato, alcune di queste opere ritenute non valide dall'autore sono state probabilmente riclassificate come veri e propri Bacon. "Dobbiamo esaminare questo catalogo con molta attenzione", afferma Peppiatt. Peppiatt aveva rifiutato di collaborare con l'Estate.

Gli storici dell’arte generano milioni di dollari

Il rapido sviluppo del mercato dell'arte dall'inizio del millennio ha dato agli storici dell'arte un potere che a volte rasenta la magia: "Quando l'arte viene venduta per milioni di dollari, la fiducia nell'attribuzione dell'opera apre le porte a una fortuna", scrive il professore di economia ed esperto del mercato dell'arte Don Thompson nel suo libro "The Supermodel and the Brillo Box". I consigli di amministrazione e i comitati diventano istituzioni chiave. In questa scena "il denaro passa di mano in mano", dice un curatore londinese. "Puoi reinventare il mondo di Bacon e generare centinaia di milioni nel processo."

Ma chi o cosa è esattamente la Bacon Estate? L'amministrazione respinge le domande di Stern sulla forma organizzativa e sulla funzione. Non ci sono informazioni nemmeno sul sito web della Estate. Solo nella sezione "Amici" si può trovare, tra tutti gli illustri artisti, scrittori, modelli e partner dell'artista, la foto di un giovane che non figura in nessuna delle biografie dell'artista: Brian Clarke.

L'unico erede di Bacon, John Edwards, un bell'uomo analfabeta che aveva lavorato nei bar di Soho dei suoi fratelli ed era stato vicino a Bacon per l'ultimo decennio della sua vita, aveva passato la responsabilità dell'eredità al designer del vetro Brian Clarke nel 1998.

"Un gruppo di cowboy"

"Sono un gruppo di cowboy", dice il critico d'arte Brian Sewell di Edwards e Clarke. Edwards non sapeva nulla del mercato dell'arte e Clarke capì che c'era un tesoro da trovare. Clarke ha ritirato il diritto della Marlborough Gallery di rappresentare il patrimonio di Bacon e aveva citato in giudizio la galleria per il rilascio di 33 opere e documenti presumibilmente sottratti indebitamente per circa 100 milioni di sterline. Nel 2002 dovette ritirare la causa. Ma ora era il custode del lavoro del pittore.

Nel 2006 Larry Gagosian, probabilmente il più potente mercante d'arte del mondo, allestì a Londra la prima mostra su Bacon dopo la separazione da Marlborough. La presentazione di un'installazione di Brian Clarke nel 2005 probabilmente non ha ostacolato il colpo. Clarke ora si definisce il “leader mondiale” nella categoria delle vetrate colorate. Lo studio di Bacon nell'ex rimessa per carrozze al 7 di Reece Mews è stato trasformato da Clarke ed Edwards in un appartamento di lusso per i soggiorni londinesi dell'erede [John Edwards], che dopo la morte di Bacon visse, tra l'altro, alle Keys in Florida e successivamente in Tailandia, dove è anche morto. Oggi è la sede della Bacon Estate. Brian Clarke appare raramente in relazione a Francis Bacon. Ha trovato un prestanome per i suoi affari che è fin troppo felice di essere sotto i riflettori: l'ex fotografo di moda e curatore Martin Harrison, che viene descritto dall'editore del catalogo ragionato come un "esperto eccezionale" del lavoro di Francis Bacon.

Dopo più di dieci anni di ricerca per il catalogo ragionato, la sua conoscenza specialistica non può essere messa in dubbio. Tuttavia, il fatto che nel 2006 si sia reso retroattivamente co-organizzatore della grande mostra di Bacon a Düsseldorf è solo uno dei tanti aspetti discutibili di Harrison. Armin Zweite, allora direttore delle Collezioni d'arte NRW e curatore della mostra, dice: "L'ho incontrato una o due volte, è arrivato relativamente tardi e ha scritto un buon articolo su Bacon e la fotografia".

Il fatto che Harrison presenti ora circa 100 Bacon appena scoperti sorprende Zweite: "Dopo tutte le recenti esperienze, questo ti rende sospettoso". Per il noto storico dell'arte è discutibile reinserire nell'opera le immagini rifiutate: "Se un artista dicesse: "L'ho rifiutato", allora dovresti prenderne atto". Harrison e l'ESTATE vendono i reperti come sensazionali. A fine maggio hanno invitato a visionare in anteprima il catalogo in una mostra su Bacon allestita appositamente per quella giornata nel quartiere di Soho. Alle pareti: sei grandi opere di Bacon. Per quanto riguarda l’origine dei quadri, Harrison sussurra che provengono da “collezioni private molto private”. Altre furono scoperte in un magazzino chiuso a chiave a Chelsea, insieme a molti altri dipinti che Bacon scartò, mise via e poi probabilmente dimenticò, ha detto Harrison.

I dipinti dovettero essere sollevati al primo piano con una gru e un impiegato dell'editore dormì nella mostra per paura che le opere venissero rubate. Harrison, che indossa un gilet di velluto verde sotto una giacca blu, si avvicina al microfono. "Questo è l'inizio di qualcosa", dice. Più avanti nella conversazione non può rispondere su chi ha ereditato l'eredità dopo la morte di John Edwards, né chi siede nel consiglio di amministrazione della Bacon Estate: "Brian Clarke è il direttore della Bacon Estate, non ho idea della situazione legale. Ci sono degli amministratori [Trustee], o come si chiamano. Non so nemmeno chi siano." Non gli basterebbe chiedere a suo figlio? Ben Harrison lavora presso la Bacon Estate.

Harrison presentò le sue scoperte a un comitato, che alla fine decise se includerle nel catalogo. Lo conferma lo storico dell'arte e attuale direttore della sede londinese di Gagosian, Richard Calvocoressi: "Sono stato membro del comitato dalla sua nascita nel 2006 fino allo scorso anno, 2015, quando mi sono trasferito alla galleria Gagosian. Di solito ci incontravamo due volte l'anno. "


"Un catalogo di opere non è una hit parade"

Il compito del comitato era decidere se qualcosa era reale o falso. "A volte ho fatto molta fatica a convincerli: no, quello è proprio Bacon! Ci sono circa 20 opere nel catalogo che avrebbero dovuto essere distrutte. Ma sono venute al mondo, in un modo o nell'altro, soprattutto perché qualcuno le ha trafugate. Ma io non sono Dio, se esistono devo registrarle. Un catalogo di opere non è una hit-parade."

Harrison va avanti. È quasi certo che non ci sia un falso Bacon tra i 584 dipinti in catalogo, quando il discorso passa a Roma, al pittore Caravaggio: "So esattamente di cosa sto parlando. Lo so assolutamente. Il Narciso di Caravaggio a Roma non è di Caravaggio. Perché lo dico io!"

Riguardo alla resuscitazione delle opere elencate come distrutte nel catalogo ragionato del 1964, Harrison dice: "A Bacon non importava molto. Non era un contabile. Ho visto la maggior parte delle opere che furono distrutte. E come avrei potuto vederle se fossero state distrutte nel 1964? Fine della discussione!"

L'uomo è controverso. E chi lo ha incontrato sa perché. Edward Lucie-Smith, poeta, autore, esperto d'arte, fotografo e intimo conoscitore della scena artistica londinese, descrive Harrison come "straordinariamente spietato. Si comporta come il "re delle attribuzioni di Bacon". Bacon sarebbe estremamente scontento di tutto il lavoro che è ora apparso in catalogo, dice Lucie-Smith. L'enorme attenzione che il mercato attualmente riserva a Bacon e che l'Estate sta alimentando con le sue attività è una grande opportunità per Harrison per far avanzare la sua carriera. A Monaco ha curato un'importante mostra di Bacon, per poi trasferirla al Guggenheim di Bilbao. In questo modo, cercò di trasformare la figura sociale marginale di Francis Bacon in un artista socialmente accettabile. Minimizzò la sessualità gay, spesso violenta di Bacon. Harrison sottolineò che c'erano solo undici quadri. in cui gli uomini facevano sesso. Ci sarebbero invece 18 raffigurazioni di donne nude.

Al Grimaldi Forum di Monaco sono state esposte 13 opere del periodo fino al 1964 che non compaiono nel primo catalogo ragionato - e molte altre del periodo successivo. Harrison le ha presentate tra tende scure, ciascuna sulle proprie pareti, in parte allestite sui pianerottoli delle scale e illuminate in modo spettacolare dall'oscurità con i riflettori. Reperti che sono ormai prepotentemente iscritti nel canone delle grandi opere di Bacon.

Lo scopo della mostra era quello di stilizzare i soggiorni di Bacon a Monaco tra il 1946 e il 1949 come momenti chiave della sua carriera. Rothenstein affermò già nel 1964: "Sebbene Bacon provasse a dipingere quando viveva a Monte Carlo, si rese conto che lì non avrebbe potuto ottenere quasi nulla e dovette tornare a Londra per lavorare per la sua mostra".

Harrison ora sta diffondendo il contrario. Non c'è da stupirsi: un importante partner di Harrison e sponsor di mostre, cataloghi e progetti di ricerca è il filantropo e proprietario di hotel di lusso libanese Majid Boustany, che vive a Monaco [NdT: Figlio di un mercante d'armi, promotore presso il principe di Monaco di "giovanissimi talenti musicali libanesi"]. Un pazzo pazzo, ricco, entusiasta e la sua passione per il collezionismo difficilmente può essere fermata. Ora ha fondato una fondazione, ha aperto il suo museo nella micromonarchia e, secondo Harrison, possiede la più grande collezione privata di Bacon al mondo. Harrison consiglia inoltre Boustany sugli acquisti e sulla direzione della sua collezione. “Dovrei smettere di prendere soldi per questo”, aggiunge.

Nessuno sa se Bacon, il grande distruttore, approverebbe una qualsiasi di queste azioni. I suoi compagni e coloro che lo hanno studiato a fondo ne dubitano, e qui anche Harrison concorda con i suoi critici: "Grazie a Dio Bacon non è qui. Un uomo orribile, rompiscatole. Non avrebbe mai permesso che accadesse una cosa del genere qui".



Originale tedesco:

STERN
ZWEIFELHAFTE WERKE AUFGETAUCHT
Francis Bacon: Das irre Millionengeschäft mit seinem Nachlass
Silke Müller
von Silke Müller
06.11.2016, 16:01

2016 ist das Jahr des Francis Bacon: Fünf große Ausstellungen weltweit feiern den Künstler, ein Werkverzeichnis trumpft mit rund 100 bislang unbekannten Gemälden auf. Dem Kunstmarkt wächst ein Millionengeschäft zu. Die Fäden ziehen die Nachlassverwalter des Künstlers.

"Und jetzt kommen wir zu Los 8A, zu sehen auf der linken Seite, Ihnen zur Rechten, Damen und Herren, das großartige Triptychon 'Lucien Freud' von Francis Bacon aus 1969. Wunderbares Ding, hier haben wir es."

New York, 12. November 2013. Im Verkaufsraum des Auktionshauses Christie's im Rockefeller Center steuert die Abendauktion für Nachkriegs- und zeitgenössische Kunst auf ihren Höhepunkt zu. Das Bietgefecht ist eröffnet. Geld liegt in der Luft. Und Schweigen. Auktionator Jussi Pylkkanen presst ein Lachen hervor, ermuntert zum ersten Gebot: "Husch, wir beginnen jetzt!" Dann ein erlöstes "80 Millionen Dollar!", gefolgt von einem vor-wärts drängendem "85 Millionen Dollar!" Dann "90, ich habe 90."

Der Preis steigt in Fünf-Millionen-Schritten bis 120. Dann 121, 122, zwei Bieter am Telefon kämpfen jetzt um das Bild, im Saal herrscht angespannte Stille. Bei 126 Millionen Dollar beugt sich Pylkkanen über sein Pult, als wolle er die Millionen eigenhändig aus der Luft scheffeln und stellt fest: "Ein historischer Moment." 

Am Ende, mit dem handelsüblichen Aufschlag fürs Auktionshaus, lan-det das dreiteilige Gemälde für 142.405.000 Dollar bei Elaine Wynn, der Ex-Frau des Las Vegas Casino-Moguls Stephen Wynn. Hammerschlag, "Verkauft!", Weltrekord.

Der teuerste Künstler der Welt

Der Maler Francis Bacon, 1909 als Sohn eines englischen Pferdetrainers in Dublin geboren, ein Autodidakt ohne nennenswerte Schulbildung, galt bereits zu Lebzeiten als der teuerste zeitgenössische Künstler. Seine Bilder von Menschen, die sich in Fleischmassen aufzulösen scheinen, von schreienden Päpsten und sich windenden Körpern wirken bis heute rätselhaft und verstörend.

Seit seinem Tod 1992 ist ein unerbittlicher Kampf um das auf rund 100 Millionen britische Pfund geschätzte Erbe des Malers und die Deutungshoheit über sein Werk entbrannt. Und die wenigen großen Arbeiten, die überhaupt auf den Markt kommen, sind zu Trophäen von Hedgefond-Milliardären wie J. Tomilson Hill von Blackstone und russischen Oligarchen wie Roman Abramovic geworden. Wer auf konventionellem Wege nicht zu einem Bacon-Original kommt, greift zu rabiateren Methoden: Im März wurde bekannt, dass aus der Wohnung von Bacons letztem Lover in Madrid fünf Gemälde im Wert von über 30 Millionen Euro gestohlen wurden. 

Plötzlich überall neue Bacon-Werke

Dieses Jahr nun ist die Bacon-Mania mit Ausstellungen in Liverpool, Monaco, Stuttgart, Bilbao und Los Angeles sowie einem publizistischen Großprojekt auf einem neuen Höhepunkt angekommen: Um die 100 bislang unbekannte Gemälde will "The Estate of Francis Bacon", also die Nachlassverwaltung des Künstlers, entdeckt und verifiziert haben.

In einem fünfbändigen Opus Magnum im schwarzen Schuber, 15 Kilo schwer und 1000 Britische Pfund teuer, veröffentlichte der Nachlass im Juni dieses Jahres alle von ihm als authentisch eingestuften Arbeiten. Und gemäß gängiger Kunsthandelspraxis gilt ab sofort: Echt ist, was drin ist.

So mancher Besitzer eines Gemäldes, das bislang undokumentiert an der Wand hing und höchstens als "Bacon zugeschrieben" bezeichnet werden konnte, kann sich nun über eine in Zahlen kaum zu benennende Wertsteigerung freuen. Und die Auktionshäuser, gierig nach großen Namen und noch nie gehandelten, also marktfrischen Werken, stehen längst in den Startlöchern.

400.000 Pfund für ein Abfallprodukt

Derzeit lässt sich nahezu alles, was irgendwie mit Bacon in Verbindung zu bringen ist, verkaufen: Eine plumpe und wohl zurecht verworfene Studie Bacons, die ein englischer Künstler in zwei Teile geschnitten, umgedreht und mit Landschaften bemalt hatte, brachte im März 434.500 Pfund, 15 Mal so viel, wie das Auktionshaus erwartet hatte. Und zwei linke Handschuhe, die Bacon beim Malen getragen haben soll, sicherte sich ein Käufer für fast 7000 Pfund.

Bacon-Bilder erzielen auf Auktionen häufig Erlöse zwischen 10 und 30 Millionen Euro. Dabei schwanken die Preise ganz erheblich – je nach Größe, Bedeutung und öffentlicher Würdigung des Werkes. Und nach seiner Anmutung: Die düsteren Arbeiten bringen meistens weniger. Mit den rund 100 neu veröffentlichten Bildern wächst dem Kunstmarkt ein Potenzial von Hunderten Millionen Euro zu.

Daran profitieren werden eine Heerschar von Art Consultants, Galeristen, Auktionshäusern und nicht zuletzt jene, die den Kontakt herstellen zwischen Kaufinteressenten und verkaufsbereiten Eigentümern, die im Werkverzeichnis als anonyme Privatsammler gelistet sind: Das kann nur der Francis Bacon Estate.

Der Ruf des Malers steht auf dem Spiel

Die Kehrseite des großen Reibachs: Der Ruf des Malers steht auf dem Spiel. Denn die Autoren, Martin Harrison und seine Assistentin Rebecca Daniels, nehmen nach eigenen Angaben lückenlos alles in das Verzeichnis auf, was sich nach ihren Erkenntnissen der Hand Francis Bacons zuschreiben lässt: Auch jene Werke, die der Maler in allseits bekanntem Furor zerrissen, zerschnitten und auf den Müll geworfen hat. Und die auf wundersame Weise überlebt haben.

Mit den zusammen gefegten Wiederentdeckungen und Fehlversuchen sowie allem, was Bacon zu Lebzeiten noch anerkannte, erhöht sich das Werk des Malers von einst 221 im ersten Werkverzeichnis 1964 dokumentierten Arbeiten auf jetzt 584. 

Einer, der Bacon sehr gut kannte und als der maßgebliche Biograf des Künstlers gilt, hat ein lang gehütetes Werk Bacons im Februar zur Auktion gegeben. Weil er wusste, dass eine Flut neuer, zum Teil minderwertiger Werke auf den Markt drängen werden? Michael Peppiatt schüttelt den Kopf. "Das Bild war mein Pensionsfonds. Durch die große Wertsteigerung in den vergangenen Jahren konnte ich mir noch nicht einmal die Versicherung dafür leisten, also habe ich es immer an Museen und für Ausstellungen verliehen. So war es zumindest sicher."

Knapp fünf Millionen Pfund brachte das Geschenk des Freundes. Dieses Jahr wird Peppiatt 75 Jahre alt, und noch immer befreit er sich mit jedem Buch, jeder Ausstellung und eben diesem Verkauf aus dem Bann seines Mentors. Die Erinnerung tauscht er nun gegen ein Haus an der Cote d'Azur.

Ein Treffen mit dem Biografen

Peppiatt sitzt im ersten Stock des Café de Flore am Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris. Er hat diesen Ort gewählt, weil er für die gute alte Zeit steht – als Paris der Sehnsuchtsort der Künstler und Intellektuellen aus aller Welt war. Als Gemälde noch existenzielle Debatten provozierten. Und als der junge Londoner Kunsthistoriker Peppiatt hier 1966 sein Glück suchte und fand.

Wie sehr seine eigene Geschichte mit dem Leben und Werk Bacons verbunden ist, und wie viel er dem Maler verdankt, hat der renommierte Autor zuletzt in der 2015 in London erschienenen Doppelbiografie "Francis Bacon in your blood" erzählt: "Verrückt, böse und eine gefährliche Bekanntschaft, und das war er, wurde Francis Bacon zu einer Vaterfigur für mich und zum wichtigsten Einfluss auf mein Leben."

Peppiatt war 21 und Student in Cambridge, als er 1963 sein erstes Magazin gründete und dafür ein Interview mit dem damals 53-jährigen Francis Bacon führen wollte. Er traf den notorischen Trinker, Spieler und Liebhaber junger Kleingangster in einer Kaschemme in London und begann ein Gespräch, das erst mit dem Tod Bacons enden sollte.

Unglaublicher Ruhm und persönliche Dramen

Bacon stand am Anfang seiner erfolgreichsten und besten Dekade: 1958 hatte er bei der führenden Londoner Galerie Marlborough unterschrieben, 1962 verankerte ihn die Tate Gallery mit einer Retrospektive in der Kunstgeschichte, 1963 folgte das Guggenheim Museum in New York, 1964 erschien sein bis dato gültiges Werkverzeichnis. Der Triumph ging einher mit Bacons persönlichem Drama: Kurz vor der Eröffnung der Tate-Schau 1962 trank sich Bacons Geliebter Peter Lacy zu Tode. Und 1971, am Vorabend der gefeierten Ausstellung im Pariser Grand Palais, brachte sich Bacons Geliebter George Dyer um.

Dass es mit seiner Karriere so schnell und konsequent nach oben ging, verdankte Bacon dem genialen Kunsthändler Frank Lloyd, einem Wiener Juden, der nach London emigriert war und mit Marlborough die wohl einflussreichste Galerie der Nachkriegszeit gegründet hatte. Lloyd arbeitete so effizient wie eine Investmentbank. Künstler erhielten Vorschüsse, monatliche Festbeträge und all ihre finanziellen Angelegenheiten wurden von der Galerie gemanagt. Und sie produzierten Tauschwerte, die Lloyd zu vervielfachen verstand.

Bacon genoss das Geld, aber er zählte es nicht. Nachmittags brach er auf, einen Schweif an Freunden hinter sich her ziehend, die er zu feinstem Essen, Champagner und Bordeaux einlud, um dann weiter zu treiben, in die Bars von Soho, "The French House", den legendären "Colony Room", den "Coronation Club". Und Peppiatt, fasziniert von dieser ihm fremden Welt, folgte ihm.

"Wenn du mit Bacon unterwegs bist, musst du Schritt halten können", sagt Peppiatt. "Ganz egal, wie viel du am Abend zuvor mit ihm getrunken hast, es steht nicht zur Debatte, am nächsten Tag weniger zu trinken. Francis schien zu glauben, die einzige Lösung sei andauernder, unerbittlicher Exzess."

Abends saufen, morgens malen

Doch genau so konsequent, wie sich Bacon den nächtlichen Gelagen widmete, stand er am nächsten Morgen in seinem Atelier und arbeitete an seinen Leinwänden. Spät hatte er die Malerei für sich entdeckt, erst mit 35 Jahren begann er ernsthaft, an seiner Karriere zu arbeiten. Sein Vorgehen war in jeder Hinsicht unakademisch: Ohne klassische Ausbildung gab er sich eruptivem Schaffen hin und produzierte auf einem unbeständigen Niveau. Prinzip Trial and Error. "Der haarfeine Unterschied, den er zwischen Fehlschlag und Erfolg macht, entspringt einer tiefen Überzeugung und wird gnadenlos umgesetzt", schrieb John Rothenstein 1962, der als damaliger Direktor der Londoner Tate Gallery die erste große Retrospektive des Malers ausrichtete und 1964 das Werkverzeichnis mit herausgab.

Die Malerei bliebt das einzig Beständige in seinem Leben. Seit der Vater ihn in den Kleidern der Mutter erwischt und zur Disziplinie-rung mit einem Onkel nach Berlin geschickt hatte, zog Bacon durch Europa und Nordafrika, suchte Halt bei Gefährten, verlor zwei Geliebte und versenkte seinen Schmerz in der Kunst. Er sei in der Offenbarung des Nichts abgetaucht, sagt Peppiatt. Das habe ihm Freiheit verschafft. Aber es habe ihn auch jeder Hoffnung beraubt.

Bacons Gemälde dokumentieren diesen epischen Kampf zwischen Wahrheitssuche und Zerstörung: "Du musst Erscheinung zu einem Bild deformieren", beschreibt er seine Arbeitsweise. "Ich versuche einfach nur, etwas zur Wahrheit zu verbiegen."

Auf der Suche nach dem Absoluten war Bacon nicht zimperlich – weder im Leben noch in der Kunst. Sein Frühwerk aus den zwanziger und dreißiger Jahren löschte er nahezu vollständig aus. Allein bis 1949 soll er bereits mehr als 700 Bilder vernichtet haben. Doch nicht jede Leinwand ist Bacons Selbsthass und seinen Zweifeln zum Opfer gefallen. "In seinem Atelier gab es einen Stapel ausgemusterter Bilder", berichtet Peppiatt. Und er erzählt, dass immer wieder irgendwo verworfene Arbeiten auftauchten, in zurückgelassenen Studios, bei alten Weggefährten oder Leuten, die Zugang zum Atelier hatten.

Nun, mit Veröffentlichung des neuen Werkverzeichnisses, sind vermutlich etliche dieser vom Urheber als ungültig betrachteten Arbeiten wieder zu echten Bacons umgeschrieben worden. "Wir müssen uns diesen Katalog sehr genau anschauen", sagt Peppiatt dazu. Eine Zusammenarbeit mit dem Nachlass hat Peppiatt abgelehnt.

Kunsthistoriker generieren Millionenwerte

Die rasante Entwicklung des Kunstmarkts seit der Jahrtausendwende hat Kunsthistorikern zu einer zuweilen an Magie grenzenden Macht verholfen: "Wenn Kunst für Millionen Dollar verkauft wird, öffnet Vertrauen in die Zuschreibung des Werkes die Tür zu einem Vermögen", schreibt der Wirtschaftsprofessor und Kunstmarkt-Experte Don Thompson in seinem Buch "The Supermodel and the Brillo Box." Die Boards und Komitees werden zu Schlüssel-Institutionen. In dieser Szene "geht Geld von Hand zu Hand", erzählt ein Londoner Kurator. "Sie können die Welt Bacons neu erfinden und dabei hunderte von Millionen generieren."

Doch wer oder was genau ist der Bacon Estate? Anfragen des stern zur Organisationsform und Funktion weist der Estate zurück. Auch auf der Website des Estate gibt es keine Hinweise. Nur in der Rubrik der "Freunde" findet sich zwischen all den illustren Künstlern, Schriftstellern, Modellen und Partnern des Künstlers das Foto eines jungen Mannes, der in keiner Biographie des Künstlers eine Rolle spielt: Brian Clarke.

Bacons Alleinerbe John Edwards, ein gut aussehender Analphabet, der in den Soho-Bars seiner Brüder gearbeitet hatte und Bacon in den letzten zehn Jahren seines Lebens nahe stand, hatte die Verantwortung für den Nachlass 1998 an den Glasdesigner Brian Clarke abgetreten.

"Ein Haufen Cowboys"

"Die sind ein Haufen Cowboys", sagt der Kunstkritiker Brian Sewell über Edwards und Clarke. Edwards hatte keine Ahnung vom Kunstmarkt und Clarke hatte erkannt, dass es einen Schatz zu heben galt. Clarke entzog der Galerie Marlborough das Recht, Bacons Nachlass zu vertreten und verklagte mit einem Streitwert von rund 100 Millionen Pfund die Galerie auf die Herausgabe von 33 angeblich unterschlagenen Bildern und Unterlagen. 2002 musste er die Klage zurücknehmen. Doch er war nun der Türhüter zum Werk des Malers.

2006 trumpfte der wohl mächtigste Kunsthändler der Welt, Larry Gagosian, mit der ersten Bacon-Ausstellung nach der Trennung von Marlborough in London auf. Die Präsentation einer Installation von Brian Clarke 2005 dürfte dem Coup nicht im Weg gestanden haben. Mittlerweile nennt Clarke sich selbst den "World leader" in der Gattung Bleiglasfenster. Bacons Studio im ehemaligen Kutscherhaus 7 Reece Mews verwandelten Clarke und Edwards in ein Luxusapartment für die London-Aufenthalte des Erben, der nach Bacons Tod unter anderem auf den Keys in Florida und später in Thailand lebte, wo er auch starb. Heute ist es der Sitz des Bacon Estate. Brian Clarke tritt selten im Zusammenhang mit Francis Bacon in Erscheinung. Er hat einen Frontmann für seine Angelegenheiten gefunden, der nur allzu gern ins Rampenlicht rückt: den einstigen Modefotografen und Kurator Martin Harrison, der vom Verlag des Werkverzeichnisses als "herausragender Experte" für das Werk Francis Bacons bezeichnet wird.

Nach über zehn Jahren Recherche für das Werkverzeichnis ist sein Fachwissen kaum zu bezweifeln. Dass er sich rückwirkend zum Mitorganisator der großen Bacon-Ausstellung in Düsseldorf 2006 macht, ist jedoch nur einer von vielen fragwürdigen Aspekten in Bezug auf Harrison. Armin Zweite, damals Direktor der Kunstsammlungen NRW und Kurator der Schau, sagt: "Ich bin ihm ein oder zwei Mal begegnet, er ist relativ spät dazu gekommen und hat einen guten Beitrag über Bacon und die Fotografie geschrieben."

Dass Harrison nun um die 100 neu entdeckte Bacons präsentiert, verwundert Zweite: "Nach all den Erfahrungen der letzten Zeit macht einen das stutzig." Verworfene Bilder zurück ins Oevre zu schreiben, hält der renommierte Kunsthistoriker für fragwürdig: "Wenn ein Künstler sagt, das habe ich verworfen, dann müsste man das akzeptieren." Harrison und der Estate verkaufen die Funde als Sensation. Ende Mai luden sie zur Vorab-Besichtigung des Katalogs in eine eigens für diesen Tag eingerichtete Bacon-Schau im Stadtteil Soho. An den Wänden: sechs kapitale Bacon-Werke. Zur Herkunft der Bilder raunt Harrison, sie stammten aus "sehr privaten privaten Sammlungen". Andere habe man in einem abgeschlossenen Lager in Chelsea entdeckt, zusammen mit etlichen weiteren Gemälden, die Bacon verworfen, weggeräumt und dann wohl vergessen habe, so Harrison.

Die Gemälde mussten mit einem Kran in die erste Etage gehievt werden, und eine Mitarbeiterin des Verlags schlief in der Ausstellung, aus Angst, die Arbeiten würden gestohlen. Harrison, in grüner Samtweste unter blauem Jackett, tritt ans Mikrophon. "Dies hier ist der Anfang von Etwas", sagt er. Später im Gespräch kann er weder beantworten, wer nach dem Tod von John Edwards den Nachlass geerbt hat, noch wer im Vorstand des Bacon Estate sitzt: "Brian Clarke ist der Direktor des Bacon-Nachlasses, ich habe keine Ahnung von der rechtlichen Situation. Es gibt da Trustees, oder wie immer die heißen. Ich weiß noch nicht einmal, wer die sind." Dabei müsste er einfach nur seinen Sohn fragen: Ben Harrison arbeitet beim Bacon Estate.

Seine Erkenntnisse habe Harrison einem Komitee vorgelegt, das schließlich über die Aufnahme in den Katalog entschieden habe. Der Kunsthistoriker und heutige Direk-tor der Londoner Niederlassung von Gagosian, Richard Calvocoressi, bestätigt das: "Ich war Mitglied des Komitees von seiner Gründung 2006 bis vergangenes Jahr, 2015, als ich zur Gagosian Galerie wechselte. Für gewöhnlich trafen wir uns zweimal im Jahr."

"Ein Werkkatalog ist keine Hitparade"

Die Aufgabe des Komitees war es, über echt oder unecht zu befinden. "Manchmal hatte ich große Mühe, sie zu überzeugen: Nein, das ist wirklich Bacon! Es gibt ungefähr 20 Arbeiten im Katalog, die eigentlich zerstört gehörten. Aber sie kamen in die Welt, auf dem ein oder anderen Weg, meistens weil jemand sie gestohlen hat. Aber ich bin nicht Gott, wenn es existiert, muss ich es aufnehmen. Ein Werkkatalog ist keine Hitparade."

Harrison kommt in Fahrt. Gerade noch garantiert er, dass sich kein einziger gefälschter Bacon unter den 584 Gemälden im Katalog befindet, da schwenkt er um auf Rom, auf den Maler Caravaggio: "Ich weiß genau, worüber ich spreche. Ich weiß es absolut. Der Narzissus von Caravaggio in Rom ist nicht von Caravaggio. Weil ich es sage!"

Zur Wiederkehr der 1964 im Werkkatalog als zerstört gelisteten Bilder sagt Harrison: "Bacon kümmerte sich nicht wirklich darum. Er war kein Buchhalter. Ich habe die meisten der zerstörten Bilder gesehen. Und wie könnte ich sie gesehen haben, wenn sie 1964 zerstört wurden? Ende der Diskussion!"

Der Mann ist umstritten. Und wer ihn trifft, ahnt, warum. Edward Lucie-Smith, Dichter, Autor, Kunstexperte, Fotograf und intimer Kenner der Londoner Kunstszene, beschreibt Harrison als "außerordentlich rücksichtslos. Er führe sich als "König der Bacon-Zuschreibungen" auf. Bacon wäre extrem unglücklich über all die Arbeiten, die nun im Katalog auftauchten, sagt Lucie-Smith. Die enorme Aufmerksamkeit, die der Markt derzeit Bacon schenkt und die der Estate mit seinen Aktivitäten anfeuert, ist Harrisons große Chance, seine Karriere voran zu treiben. In Monaco hat er eine große Bacon-Schau kuratiert, abgewandelt zog sie weiter ins Guggenheim Bilbao. Dabei versucht er, aus der gesellschaftlichen Randfigur Francis Bacon einen salonfähigen Künstler zu machen. Bacons schwule, oft gewalttätige Sexualität spielt er herunter. Harrison betont, es gäbe nur elf Bilder, auf denen Männer Sex hätten. Dagegen stünden 18 Darstellungen nackter Frauen.

Allein 13 Arbeiten aus der Zeit bis 1964, die nicht im ersten Werkverzeichnis auftauchen, sind im Grimaldi Forum in Monaco ausgestellt worden – und etliche weitere aus der Zeit danach. Harrison präsentierte sie zwischen dunklen Vorhängen, auf jeweils eigenen Wänden, zum Teil auf Treppenpodesten inszeniert und spektakulär aus dem Dunkel heraus mit Spotlights angestrahlt. Fundstücke, die nun mit Macht in den Kanon der großen Werke Bacons eingeschrieben werden.

Ziel der Ausstellung war es, Bacons Aufenthalte in Monaco zwischen 1946 und 1949 zu Schlüsselmomenten seiner Karriere zu stilisieren. Dabei konstatierte Rothenstein schon 1964: "Obwohl Bacon zu Malen versuchte, als er in Monte Carlo wohnte, erkannte er, dass er dort nahezu nichts zustande brachte und musste zurück nach London kommen, um für seine Ausstellung zu arbeiten."

Harrison verbreitet nun das Gegenteil. Kein Wunder: Ein wichtiger Partner Harrisons und Sponsor von Ausstellungen, Katalogen und Forschungsprojekten ist der in Monaco lebende libanesische Philanthrop und Luxushotel-Besitzer Majid Boustany. Ein Bacon-Verrückter, vermögend, enthusiastisch und in seiner Sammelleidenschaft kaum zu bremsen. Mittlerweile hat er eine Stiftung gegründet, ein eigenes Museum in der Kleinstmonarchie eröffnet und besitzt laut Harrison die größte Bacon-Privatsammlung weltweit. Harrison berät Boustany auch bei Ankäufen und der Ausrichtung seiner Kollektion. "Ich sollte aufhören, dafür Geld zu nehmen", fügt er hinzu.

Ob Bacon, der große Zerstörer, auch nur eine dieser ganzen Aktionen gutheißen würde, darüber lässt sich nur spekulieren. Seine Weggefährten und auch jene, die sich intensiv mit ihm beschäftigt haben, bezweifeln das. Und hier stimmt sogar Harrison mit seinen Kritikern überein: "Gottseidank ist Bacon nicht hier. Ein grässlicher Mann, Pain in the ass. Er hätte nie zugelassen, dass dies hier passiert."


English translation:

DUBIOUS WORKS APPEARED
Francis Bacon: The crazy million-dollar deal with his estate

by Silke Müller
STERN, November 6, 2016, 4:01 p.m

2016 is the year of Francis Bacon: five major exhibitions worldwide celebrate the artist, and a catalog raisonné boasts around 100 previously unknown paintings. The art market is growing into a million-dollar business. The artist's executors are pulling the strings.

"And now we come to lot 8A, visible on the left, to you on the right, ladies and gentlemen, the magnificent triptych 'Lucien Freud' by Francis Bacon from 1969. Wonderful thing, here we have it."

New York, November 12, 2013. In the sales room of Christie's auction house in Rockefeller Center, the evening auction for post-war and contemporary art is approaching its climax. The bidding war is on. Money is in the air. And silence. Auctioneer Jussi Pylkkanen squeezes out a laugh and encourages the first bid: "Hush, let's start now!" Then a redeemed "80 million dollars!", followed by a forward-pushing "85 million dollars!" Then "90, I have 90."

The price rises in five million increments to 120. Then 121, 122, two bidders on the phone are now fighting for the picture, there is a tense silence in the room. At $126 million, Pylkkanen leans over his desk as if he wanted to scoop up the millions himself and states: "A historic moment."

In the end, with the usual mark-up for the auction house, the three-part painting ended up with Elaine Wynn, the ex-wife of Las Vegas casino mogul Stephen Wynn, for $142,405,000. Hammer strike, “Sold!”, world record.

The most expensive artist in the world

The painter Francis Bacon, born in Dublin in 1909 as the son of an English horse trainer, an autodidact without any significant schooling, was already considered the most expensive contemporary artist during his lifetime. His images of people who seem to dissolve into masses of flesh, of screaming popes and writhing bodies still seem enigmatic and disturbing to this day.

Since his death in 1992, a relentless battle has broken out over the painter's legacy, estimated at around 100 million British pounds, and the authority to interpret his work. And the few major works that do make it to market have become trophies of hedge fund billionaires like Blackstone's J. Tomilson Hill and Russian oligarchs like Roman Abramovic. Anyone who can't get a Bacon original through conventional means resorts to more brutal methods: In March it became known that five paintings worth over 30 million euros were stolen from the apartment of Bacon's last lover in Madrid.

Suddenly new Bacon works everywhere

This year, Bacon mania has reached a new peak with exhibitions in Liverpool, Monaco, Stuttgart, Bilbao and Los Angeles as well as a large-scale journalistic project: "The Estate of Francis Bacon", i.e. the estate administration of the artist, discovered and verified.

In June of this year, the estate published all the works it classified as authentic in a five-volume magnum opus in a black slipcase, weighing 15 kilos and costing 1,000 British pounds. And according to common art trading practice, the following applies from now on: What's inside is real.

Many an owner of a painting that previously hung undocumented on the wall and could only be described as "attributed to Bacon" can now look forward to an increase in value that is difficult to quantify. And the auction houses, greedy for big names and works that have never been traded before, i.e. works that are fresh to the market, have long been in the starting blocks.

£400,000 for a waste product

Almost anything that can be associated with Bacon can currently be sold: a clumsy and probably rightly rejected study of Bacon, which an English artist cut into two parts, turned over and painted with landscapes, fetched 434,500 pounds in March, 15 Times as much as the auction house expected. And a buyer secured two left-hand gloves that Bacon is said to have worn while painting for almost £7,000.

Bacon pictures often fetch between 10 and 30 million euros at auction. The prices vary considerably - depending on the size, importance and public appreciation of the work. And according to his impression: The dark works usually bring less. With around 100 newly published images, the art market has a potential of hundreds of millions of euros.

A host of art consultants, gallery owners, auction houses and, last but not least, those who establish contact between prospective buyers and owners willing to sell who are listed in the catalog raisonné as anonymous private collectors will benefit from this: only the Francis Bacon Estate can do that.

The painter's reputation is at stake

The downside of the great manipulation: The painter's reputation is at stake. The authors, Martin Harrison and his assistant Rebecca Daniels, say they include everything in the directory that, according to their findings, can be attributed to Francis Bacon's hand: including those works that the painter tore up, cut up and painted in a well-known furor thrown in the trash. And who miraculously survived.

With the rediscoveries and failed attempts as well as everything that Bacon still recognized during his lifetime, the painter's oeuvre has increased from 221 works documented in the first catalog raisonné in 1964 to now 584.

Someone who knew Bacon very well and is considered the artist's leading biographer put a long-held work by Bacon up for auction in February. Because he knew that a flood of new, sometimes inferior works would enter the market? Michael Peppiatt shakes his head. "The painting was my pension fund. Due to the large increase in value over the past few years, I couldn't even afford insurance for it, so I always loaned it out to museums and for exhibitions. At least that way it was safe."

The friend's gift brought in almost five million pounds. This year Peppiatt turns 75, and he continues to free himself from his mentor's spell with every book, every exhibition and this very sale. He is now swapping the memory for a house on the Cote d'Azur.

A meeting with the biographer

Peppiatt sits on the first floor of the Café de Flore on Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris. He chose this place because it represents the good old days - when Paris was the place of longing for artists and intellectuals from all over the world. When paintings still provoked existential debates. And when the young London art historian Peppiatt sought and found his fortune here in 1966.

The renowned author recently told how closely his own story is connected to Bacon's life and work, and how much he owes the painter, in the double biography "Francis Bacon in your blood", published in London in 2015: "Crazy, evil and dangerous After meeting him, and he did, Francis Bacon became a father figure to me and the most important influence in my life."

Peppiatt was 21 and a student in Cambridge when he founded his first magazine in 1963 and wanted to do an interview with the then 53-year-old Francis Bacon. He met the notorious drinker, gambler and lover of young petty gangsters in a bar in London and began a conversation that would only end with Bacon's death.

Incredible fame and personal drama

Bacon was at the beginning of his most successful and best decade: in 1958 he signed with the leading London gallery Marlborough, in 1962 the Tate Gallery anchored him in art history with a retrospective, in 1963 the Guggenheim Museum in New York followed, and in 1964 his current catalog raisonné was published . The triumph went hand in hand with Bacon's personal drama: Shortly before the opening of the Tate show in 1962, Bacon's lover Peter Lacy drank himself to death. And in 1971, on the eve of the celebrated exhibition at the Grand Palais in Paris, Bacon's lover George Dyer killed himself.

Bacon owed the fact that his career rose so quickly and consistently to the brilliant art dealer Frank Lloyd, a Viennese Jew who emigrated to London and founded Marlborough, probably the most influential gallery of the post-war period. Lloyd operated as efficiently as an investment bank. Artists received advances, fixed monthly payments, and all of their financial matters were managed by the gallery. And they produced exchange values that Lloyd knew how to multiply.

Bacon enjoyed the money, but he didn't count it. In the afternoon he set off, trailing a trail of friends whom he invited to the finest food, champagne and Bordeaux, and then continued on to the bars of Soho, "The French House", the legendary "Colony Room", the Coronation Club. And Peppiatt, fascinated by this world that was foreign to him, followed him.

"When you're traveling with Bacon, you have to be able to keep up," says Peppiatt. "No matter how much you drank with him the night before, there's no question of drinking less the next day. Francis seemed to think the only solution was constant, relentless excess."

Drink in the evening, paint in the morning

But just as consistently as Bacon devoted himself to his nightly revelry, he stood in his studio the next morning and worked on his canvases. He discovered painting late in life and only began working seriously on his career at the age of 35. His approach was unacademic in every respect: without classical training, he indulged in eruptive creativity and produced at an inconsistent level. Principle of trial and error. "The hairline difference, "That he makes between failure and success arises from a deep conviction and is implemented mercilessly," wrote John Rothenstein in 1962, who, as director of the Tate Gallery in London at the time, organized the painter's first major retrospective and co-edited the catalog raisonné in 1964.

Painting remained the only constant thing in his life. Since his father caught him in his mother's clothes and sent him to Berlin with an uncle to discipline him, Bacon traveled through Europe and North Africa, sought support from companions, lost two lovers and poured his pain into art. He was immersed in the revelation of nothingness, says Peppiatt. That gave him freedom. But it also robbed him of all hope.

Bacon's paintings document this epic battle between the search for truth and destruction: "You have to deform appearance into an image," is how he describes his working method. "I'm just trying to bend something to the truth."

In his search for the absolute, Bacon was not squeamish - neither in life nor in art. He almost completely deleted his early work from the 1920s and 1930s. By 1949 alone he is said to have destroyed more than 700 pictures. But not every canvas has fallen victim to Bacon's self-loathing and doubts. “There was a stack of discarded pictures in his studio,” reports Peppiatt. And he says that rejected works kept turning up somewhere, in studios that were left behind, with old companions or people who had access to the studio.

Now, with the publication of the new catalog raisonné, a number of these works that were considered invalid by the author have probably been rewritten into real Bacons. “We have to look at this catalog very carefully,” says Peppiatt. Peppiatt has refused to work with the estate.

Art historians generate millions of dollars

The rapid development of the art market since the turn of the millennium has given art historians a power that sometimes borders on magic: "When art sells for millions of dollars, trust in the attribution of the work opens the door to a fortune," writes economics professor and art market expert Don Thompson in his book "The Supermodel and the Brillo Box." The boards and committees become key institutions. In this scene, "money passes from hand to hand," says a London curator. "You can reinvent Bacon's world and generate hundreds of millions in the process."

But who or what exactly is the Bacon Estate? The estate rejects stern's inquiries about the organizational form and function. There is no information on the estate's website either. Only in the "Friends" section can one find, among all the artist's illustrious artists, writers, models and partners, the photo of a young man who does not play a role in any of the artist's biographies: Brian Clarke.

Bacon's sole heir John Edwards, a handsome, illiterate man who had worked in his brothers' Soho bars and was close to Bacon for the last decade of his life, had passed responsibility for the estate to glass designer Brian Clarke in 1998.

"A Bunch of Cowboys"

"They're a bunch of cowboys," art critic Brian Sewell says of Edwards and Clarke. Edwards knew nothing about the art market and Clarke realized there was a treasure to be found. Clarke withdrew the Marlborough Gallery's right to represent Bacon's estate and sued the gallery for the release of 33 allegedly embezzled images and documents for around £100 million. In 2002 he had to withdraw the lawsuit. But he was now the gatekeeper to the painter's work.

In 2006, Larry Gagosian, probably the most powerful art dealer in the world, staged the first Bacon exhibition after the separation from Marlborough in London. The presentation of an installation by Brian Clarke in 2005 probably did not stand in the way of the coup. Clarke now calls himself the “world leader” in the stained glass window category. Bacon's studio in the former coach house 7 Reece Mews was converted by Clarke and Edwards into a luxury apartment for the London stays of the heir, who after Bacon's death lived, among other places, in the Keys in Florida and later in Thailand, where he also died. Today it is the headquarters of the Bacon Estate. Brian Clarke rarely appears in connection with Francis Bacon. He has found a front man for his affairs who is only too happy to be in the spotlight: the former fashion photographer and curator Martin Harrison, who is described by the publisher of the catalog raisonné as an "outstanding expert" on the work of Francis Bacon.

After more than ten years of research for the catalog raisonné, his specialist knowledge can hardly be doubted. However, the fact that he retroactively became a co-organizer of the large bacon exhibition in Düsseldorf in 2006 is just one of many worthy aspects regarding Harrison. Armin Second, then director of the NRW Art Collections and curator of the show, says: "I met him once or twice, he came relatively late and wrote a good article about Bacon and photography."

The fact that Harrison is now presenting around 100 newly discovered bacon surprises the second person: "After all the recent experiences, that makes you suspicious." The renowned art historian considers it questionable to write rejected images back into the oeuvre: "If an artist says, I rejected that, then you would have to accept that." Harrison and the estate sell the finds as a sensation. At the end of May, they invited people to preview the catalog in a bacon show in the Soho district that was set up especially for that day. On the walls: six major Bacon works. Regarding the origin of the pictures, Harrison whispers that they come from “very private private collections.” Others were discovered in a locked warehouse in Chelsea, along with several other paintings that Bacon discarded, put away and then probably forgot about, Harrison said.

The paintings had to be lifted to the first floor by crane, and a publisher employee slept in the exhibition for fear the works would be stolen. Harrison, wearing a green velvet vest under a blue jacket, steps up to the microphone. "This is the beginning of something," he says. Later in the conversation he cannot answer who inherited the estate after John Edwards' death, nor who sits on the board of the Bacon Estate: "Brian Clarke is the director of the Bacon estate, I have no idea about the legal situation. It "There are trustees, or whatever their names are. I don't even know who they are." All he would have to do is ask his son: Ben Harrison works at the Bacon Estate.

Harrison presented his findings to a committee, which ultimately decided whether to include it in the catalog. Art historian and current director of Gagosian's London office, Richard Calvocoressi, confirms this: "I was a member of the committee from its inception in 2006 until last year, 2015, when I moved to the Gagosian gallery. We usually met twice a year ."

"A catalog of works is not a hit parade"

The committee's job was to decide whether something was real or fake. "Sometimes I had a lot of trouble convincing them: No, that's really Bacon! There are about 20 works in the catalog that should have been destroyed. But they came into the world, one way or another, mostly because someone stole them But I'm not God, if it exists, I have to record it. A catalog of works is not a chart."

Harrison is getting going. He's just about guaranteed that there isn't a single fake Bacon among the 584 paintings in the catalog when he switches to Rome, to the painter Caravaggio: "I know exactly what I'm talking about. I know it absolutely. The Narcissus by Caravaggio in Rome is not by Caravaggio. Because I say so!"

Regarding the return of the pictures listed as destroyed in the catalog raisonné in 1964, Harrison says: "Bacon didn't really care about it. He wasn't an accountant. I've seen most of the pictures that were destroyed. And how could I have seen them if they were destroyed in 1964? End the discussion!"

The man is controversial. And anyone who meets him knows why. Edward Lucie-Smith, poet, author, art expert, photographer and intimate expert on the London art scene, describes Harrison as "extraordinarily ruthless. He behaves as the "king of Bacon attributions." Bacon would be extremely unhappy about all the work that is now appeared in the catalogue, says Lucie-Smith. The enormous attention that the market is currently paying to Bacon and that the Estate is fueling with its activities is Harrison's big opportunity to advance his career. In Monaco he curated a major Bacon show, In a modified version, she moved on to the Guggenheim Bilbao. In doing so, he tried to turn the marginal social figure Francis Bacon into a socially acceptable artist. He downplayed Bacon's gay, often violent sexuality. Harrison emphasized that there were only eleven pictures in which men had sex. On the other hand there would be 18 depictions of naked women.

13 works from the period up to 1964 that do not appear in the first catalog raisonné were exhibited in the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco - and several more from the period after. Harrison presented them between dark curtains, each on its own walls, partly staged on stair landings and illuminated spectacularly from the darkness with spotlights. Finds that are now powerfully inscribed in the canon of Bacon's great works.

The aim of the exhibition was to stylize Bacon's stays in Monaco between 1946 and 1949 as key moments in his career. Rothenstein stated as early as 1964: "Although Bacon tried to paint when he was in Monte Carlo lived there, he realized he was getting next to nothing there and had to come back to London to work on his exhibition."

Harrison is now spreading the opposite. No wonder: an important partner of Harrison and sponsor of exhibitions, catalogs and research projects is the Lebanese philanthropist and luxury hotel owner Majid Boustany, who lives in Monaco. A bacon madman, wealthy, enthusiastic and his passion for collecting can hardly be stopped. He has now founded a foundation, opened his own museum in the micro-monarchy and, according to Harrison, has the largest private collection of bacon in the world. Harrison also advises Boustany on purchases and the direction of his collection. “I should stop taking money for this,” he adds.

Whether Bacon, the great destroyer, would approve of any of these actions is anyone's guess. His companions and those who have studied him intensively doubt this. And here even Harrison agrees with his critics: "Thank God Bacon is not here. A horrible man, a pain in the ass. He would never have allowed this to happen here."

giovedì 19 ottobre 2023

Vaccino COVID: Oh quanti sono morti, Madama nell'UE ? 12mila ?

Interrogazione parlamentare - E-001200/2023

Parlamento Europeo

Numero di decessi a seguito dei vaccini COVID che sono stati indagati e confermati dall'Agenzia europea per i medicinali

13.4.2023

Rispondere per iscritto

Interrogazione con risposta scritta E-001200/2023

alla Commissione

Regola 138

Virginie Joron (ID)


L’Agenzia europea per i medicinali (EMA) riferisce che 11.448 persone nell’UE sono morte dopo aver ricevuto vaccini COVID-19 [1]:

8.368 per il vaccino Pfizer BioNTech (1.345 in più rispetto al 2022);

1.579 per il vaccino AstraZeneca;.

1.161 per il vaccino Moderna;

339 per il vaccino Janssen;

1 per il vaccino Nuvaxovid;

0 per il tradizionale vaccino Valneva inattivato.

L’EMA rileva che non è stato confermato alcun nesso causale: “Il fatto che qualcuno abbia avuto un problema medico o sia morto dopo la vaccinazione non significa necessariamente che ciò sia stato causato dal vaccino. Ciò potrebbe essere stato causato, ad esempio, da problemi di salute non legati alla vaccinazione”.

Tuttavia, decine di migliaia di medici hanno segnalato questi casi. È impossibile escludere la possibilità che queste sostanze siano responsabili.

1. Quante di queste morti sospette sono state oggetto di indagine da parte dell'EMA?

2. Per quanti dei decessi segnalati l’EMA ha confermato che il vaccino era responsabile o ha affermato che ciò era “probabile”?

Inserito: 13.4.2023

[1] Ultimi dati pubblicati dall'EMA l'8 dicembre 2022 (situazione al 23.11.2022 https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update/covid-19-vaccines-safety-update-8-december-2022_en.pdf)


Risposta data dalla sig.ra Kyriakides a nome della Commissione europea

6.6.2023

Entrambe le domande poste dall'Onorevole Parlamentare sono rivolte all'Agenzia europea per i medicinali (EMA), poiché la Commissione non raccoglie questo tipo di dati. In termini generali, la maggior parte degli effetti collaterali sospetti registrati in EudraVigilance[1] non vengono infine confermati come associati alla causa.

Sono in corso o pianificati numerosi studi sulla sicurezza dei vari vaccini per caratterizzare le reazioni avverse, ad es. sulla miocardite e questi studi sono descritti nei piani di gestione del rischio, pubblicati sul portale web dell'EMA[2][3].

La Commissione e l’EMA continueranno a monitorare da vicino la sicurezza dei vaccini COVID-19. Eventuali nuovi risultati che dovessero emergere in futuro verranno analizzati e, se confermati, la Commissione adotterà azioni normative.


Interrogazione parlamentare - P-002869/2023
Parlamento EuropeoParlamento Europeo




  • 1.se intende revocare le autorizzazioni all'immissione in commercio dei vaccini in questione;
  • 2.in che modo intende affrontare i gravi danni alla salute e prevenire la morte dei cittadini vaccinati.

Sostenitore [4]

Presentazione: 29.9.2023


domenica 15 ottobre 2023

25 million deaths: psychological mechanisms of popular denialism

25 million deaths: psychological mechanisms of popular denialism

WRITTEN BY ADMIN ON OCTOBER 15, 2023. PUBLISHED IN PRESS.

Alessandro Bagnato

SOURCE

Everything except the vaccine. The logical fallacies underlying a dogma.

This article is an appendix to the work that estimated the number of deaths from Covid injections in the Western world. It was developed in the three articles referred to in the following links.

https://sfero.me/article/contributo-stima-realistica-numero-decessi-causati

https://sfero.me/article/-impronte-iniezioni-anti-covid-eccesso

https://sfero.me/article/-numeri-decessi-iniezioni-covid-fino

The topic of the responsibility of Covid inoculations for excess mortality gives rise to some typical reactions, which we could group into four categories.

There are those who already know and with every piece of information added they only find sad confirmation. This type of reaction concerns a minority percentage of the population, albeit a rapidly growing one.

On the opposite is the most widespread reaction, that of those who stiffen and refuse not only to discuss but even to listen. If forced, these people respond with anger and aggression. They hide the terror of facing a truth that would demolish the basic certainties with which they look at the world. The reaction is defense of one's own psychic survival.

Then there is the third type, unfortunately the least frequent. It belongs to those who honestly enter into a comparison, with the aim of understanding whether there might be something true in a thesis that they don't initially agree with. It is typical of those who believed in good faith in the vaccine narrative but are now beginning to doubt its veracity.

The last category is that of the TTV (Everything-Except-the-Vaccine) gentlemen. They are those who pretend to be prepared for a comparison but in reality have the only objective already set a priori of demonstrating that vaccinations CANNOT be responsible for excess mortality. In their instrumental argument they initially pose with disdain and sarcasm, which are immediately replaced by anger and aggression as soon as the position they defend falters under the weight of logic and evidence. They thus betray that they too are guided by the terror we talked about. It is often even more profound, since many of the TTV gentlemen have spent these three years defending the indefensible and if the situation collapses, the image they have given of themselves collapses along with it.

It must be said that, when it comes to a comparison, whether honest or instrumental, the arguments of those who contest the lethality of Covid pseudo-vaccines often present the same flaws in reasoning, real logical fallacies.

This article intends to lay them bare and show that only by overcoming them is it possible to become aware of the evidence that has emerged on the topic we are dealing with.

THE FALLACY OF THE FALSE PERSPECTIVE

The first fallacy is expressed more or less like this: "It is impossible that vaccines caused all those deaths, if the numbers were so high, everyone would have noticed it in their everyday lives."

This is an error of perspective that derives from a poor understanding of the quantities at play, such that it is taken for granted that every macro phenomenon necessarily has visibility in the micro.

This rarely happens.

On the one hand, in fact, that increase of around 10% in mortality is a median figure which does not necessarily correspond exactly to what happens in the small portion of the world we frequent.

Secondly, the selectivity of attention comes into play. We record only a small part of the thousands of phenomena we witness every day, usually unusual or macroscopic ones. The simple quantitative variation of an already known phenomenon captures our attention even less, unless it reaches out-of-scale proportions.

To stay on the topics that interest us, let's say that a person is used to reading the mortuary signs in his small town and let's say that the board shows more or less a dozen announcements every day. Do you think that person could notice that in a given year the daily average was not twelve but thirteen? And do you think you know if this year you heard the ambulance once every nine days instead of once every ten? They are both increases of about 10%.

This also applies to larger numbers. Can you tell if in a certain week of city life you passed 1,100 people on the street instead of the 1,000 of the previous week?

But what blatantly reveals the existence of the fallacy is the very phrase with which it is expressed. The obvious error lies in that "IF" ("if" there were all these additional deaths....). Because, the fact that there are all these additional deaths is a fact that no one actually doubts, what is being discussed is only what they are due to. The statement therefore does nothing but expose precisely what he would like to contest, namely that DESPITE so many more people having died (around 130,000 excess deaths since 2021 in Italy alone), the daily perception of many has not registered it.


THE BAD INFINITY FALLACY

The second fallacy is what Hegel would call the bad infinite. He expresses himself with sentences like: “There are indications that the excess mortality is linked to inoculations but there is no definitive proof, so any thesis is as good as the other.” Or: “Correlation does not mean causation, so what are we talking about?”.

The statements are re-proposed with each piece of evidence/clue/correlation that is gradually added, moving the goal of "conclusive proof" further and further, which will never be reached because with each strengthening of the evidentiary framework, additional proof will always be required. Even those who, despite already being aware of the causal link between inoculations and mortality, are continually searching for the so-called "smoking gun", the indisputable proof that convinces skeptics, fall into this fallacy.

The vice consists in asking for an impossible mathematical/experimental proof where the amount of evidence already exists which in the things of life is considered sufficient to consider a fact as substantially certain and act accordingly.

If during the night we smell burning, a strange heat and the neighbors shouting "fire", we flee quickly without waiting for the flames to invade the room in which we sleep. And there is no proof that during the next night the Moon will not fall on the Earth and destroy it, and yet we essentially take it for certain that this will not happen and we will plan tomorrow as usual.

We always act, in every circumstance, on the basis of the largely most probable hypothesis, attributing a degree of (relative) certainty to it when it reaches a certain level of plausibility, while being ready to change our minds if new elements convincingly disprove it. The wait for absolute certainty leads to a dead end. Even what would be considered by many to be conclusive proof, namely the comparison of death rates between vaccinated and non-vaccinated people, would not escape the action of the fallacy. Even if it returned a clear result, we could still discuss the reliability of the data, the method of their collection, the definition of the reference audiences, etc. etc.

The real question is therefore not whether there is "definitive proof" that it is the Covid inoculations that cause a large part of the excess mortality but whether the available elements are such as to make this the hypothesis to stick to, being the largely more probable and in the absence of well-founded alternative hypotheses.

In the same way, even if statistical correlation is not always a sign of causality, the proof of causality can only come from the accumulation of correlations. And when correlations are found in every element that is gradually analyzed and they cannot be motivated with confounding factors, Occam's razor wants them to be explained with the causal link, a conclusion that acquires the dignity of (relative) certainty.

The important fact is that when this level of plausibility is reached, the burden of proof is reversed. From that moment on, it is up to those who support alternative hypotheses to bring more convincing evidence. In the meantime, it is best to escape from the house even if the flames in the room have not yet reached.

According to the Bradford-Hill criteria, causality is considered proven when the elements from which it is deduced are numerous, strong, consistent, specific, coherent, deriving from a plurality of sources, temporally correlated, based on a plausible mechanism of action and there are no valid alternative explanations. The criteria are all met by the evidence that has emerged today on the link between mortality and Covid inoculations. It should also be highlighted that they aim not so much at the need for a single conclusive proof but at the coherence and strength of the overall evidentiary framework.

Anyone who falls into the fallacy of the bad infinite therefore first of all shows an inability to place themselves in a synthetic vision.


THE FALLACY OF THE MEASUREMENT METER

The third fallacy is expressed like this: “Even if the vaccine had killed millions of people, Covid killed more, so it was worth it.”

Those who fall into this reasoning probably don't know that the real Covid deaths are much fewer than those indicated in the official statistics. Data from the ISS and regulatory authorities in other countries confirm that only between 3 and 5% of "Covid" deaths were people without serious previous pathologies. It is likely that in 2021 and 2022, with less lethal variants, the numbers will be even lower. Without even considering that with specific and simple treatments most of these people could have been saved.

It can therefore be said that, even in the completely imaginary hypothesis of 100% effectiveness, the anti-Covid inoculations could have perhaps avoided a few tens of thousands of deaths around the world. These are still very high numbers but they represent a minimal fraction of the 25 million excess deaths that the Economist and the WHO estimate have occurred in the world from 2021 to today. Not even a purely accounting calculation argues in favor of inoculations.

However, it is necessary to strongly state that this approach must be promptly abandoned, because it follows exactly the fallacy that we want to denounce, namely the claim to quantify a quality that cannot in any way be translated into numbers. Attributing a specific value to human life, whatever it may be, presupposes that it can be "weighed" and compared. We could then take it for granted that two lives weigh more than one, three lives more than two and so on. Yet, how many would say lightly that the life of two ninety-year-olds is worth more than the single life of a young person and that therefore, if necessary, this can be sacrificed to save the former? And if the young person were ill, would the weight change? And how many other people's lives is worth the life of our best friend?

If lives were measurable in terms of quantity, we should consequently conclude that it is a highly moral gesture to sacrifice the person whose killing the terrorists are asking for to free one hundred hostages. And it would be virtuous to murder a healthy person, because from that person one would obtain the organs to save ten others.

Reducing human lives to assets in a give-and-take game is equivalent to measuring time in kilometers and distances in kilograms. It is a fallacy that leads to nonsense, as well as the worst moral atrocities.


THE PETER PAN FALLACY

It is expressed with a sentence like this: “If the institutions say that vaccines are safe, then it will be true. At least the vaccines didn't cause all those deaths"

The flaw in the reasoning lies in excluding a priori that institutions can lie. It is the same psychological mechanism that prevents the abused child from admitting the possibility that the parent was evil, he will instead place the blame on himself. Thus, new Peter Pans, we who in the West have experienced a period of (relative) democracy, instinctively exclude from the list of possibilities that governments can lie to us and not act for the good of the people. We have quickly forgotten that every system of power implies a division of society into a very small minority that dictates and a very large majority that adapts to the provisions, and that the former is naturally inclined to protect its position of privilege, sometimes even with methods not morally acceptable.

The gap between rulers and subjects was clearly visible until two centuries ago and the ideas of divine right, castes, blood rights, or the power of arms, served to give it legitimacy on the level of the culture of the time. When, in the nineteenth century, the masses appeared on the stage of history demanding rights and equality, democracy seemed destined to fill the gap. But the right to vote and the adoption of some participatory mechanisms have not made much of a dent in the power scheme. Divine and blood rights have been replaced by the overwhelming difference in economic availability and the power it provides, perpetuating the oligarchy. On the one hand it has been able to progressively co-opt the "people's representatives" within itself, on the other it has made full use of the means of manipulation and control made available by the new science of social engineering. Bernays, one of the fathers of this science, explained it well already in 1928, in these words of his essay "Propaganda":

“The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the opinions and habits of the masses plays an important role in a democratic society, those who master this social device constitute an invisible power that truly directs the country.”

This is why what is still too little known must be brought to light, namely that there are countless cases in which "democratic" governments have used systematic lies, acted in the shadows and carried out unspeakable actions, even going so far as to sacrifice the lives of citizens for power interests. The list is too long to be exhaustive but we could mention in no particular order the sinking of the Lusitania, the MK-Ultra operation, the Portella della Ginestra massacre, Pearl Harbour, the projects for Operation Northwoods, the attacks linked to strategy of Italian tension, Gladio, the Ustica case, the Tavistock clinic experiments, the Mattei murder, the Timisoara massacre, Operation Bluemoon. All operations in which the institutions acted like the worst criminals.

And among the most shameless lies, on which hosts of PR agencies and spin doctors, how can we not at least remember the charade of the fake Kuwaiti nurse, who convinced the American population to join the Gulf War, and the artfully constructed videos of Islamic cutthroats?

Thinking that the lies of Power and its unscrupulous actions, necessarily cultivated in the shadows, have magically disappeared since the appearance of Western representative democracies is more or less equivalent to believing in fairy tales. As Agamben recalls, history is ultimately nothing but a history of "conspiracies" and always, in every place and at every time, the interests of the populations have been pursued only as long as they coincided with those of the caste in power.

It should also be remembered that the greater the interests, the more the good of the people takes second place and the more manipulation and lies prevail. There is no space here to illustrate the gigantic economic, geopolitical and military interests underlying the Covid scam. They have united private companies and public institutions in a perverse game, conquered by private interests since they opened up, especially international ones, to their financing.

The strength of this conditioning is often greatly underestimated. While it is common knowledge that Gates, through his Foundation and Gavi, competes with the United States to be the largest financier of the WHO, it is less known that funding for the Institute may be linked to specific projects. Those of Gates are all and commit the WHO to sponsor vaccination campaigns, from which Gates himself then benefits economically as a partner of many pharmaceutical companies, first of all Moderna.

After all, the field of health has always lent itself to the worst ignominies. On several occasions, pharmaceutical companies have marketed drugs whose toxicity they were aware of. Or they tested them directly on the unaware population, as Pfizer did in Kano, Nigeria. The experiment had tragic results, as you can learn more at the following link.

https://www.formazionelibera.org/cronaca-sanitaria/il-contenzioso-di-kano-pfizer-un-crimine-contro-la-nigeria.html

As far as national states are concerned, how can we think that they have any room for autonomy in the face of the power of financial entities that have assets much higher than their entire annual GDP, such as the largest US investment funds? What Eisenhower called the military-industrial complex, denouncing its danger for democracy, has today made the definitive leap, taking possession of the space of public power, which previously stood before it as the last barrier. Added to this is the status of colonies that the countries of the Western world have compared to the USA. American interests, both the geopolitical ones and the financial ones of their companies, always prevail.

Here we end this long work on the lethality of Covid genetic pro-drugs.

I close with an invitation.

It is not aimed at the TTV gentlemen, I have little hope and even less interest in their regrets, they are people who are currently beyond redemption.

I appeal to those who are honestly interested in understanding.

The Covid scam is incredible and, for those who have not followed it step by step in recent years, an instinctive reaction of rejection when faced with such a gloomy picture is understandable.

But I ask you to be curious. Find out for yourself, find out, find out and find out some more. It is easy to verify how many times in the "democratic" era the institutions and pharmaceutical companies have acted against the people without any scruple.

You will find the unthinkable. And you will understand that the pandemic/vaccination scandal is not too surprising. Tragic as it may be, it is just the latest episode in recent history.

I am aware that this will be a difficult transition for you. Admitting that the person in whom you had full trust has betrayed, and continues to do so, means realizing at the same time that you have been abused and forces you to take on the pain of your own wound.

But crossing that passage is possible, as many who have already passed can testify.

If many others follow, the path will be easier for everyone afterwards.


The "Eyes Only" Protocol: Inside Italy’s Secret Shadow Plan for State Survival

While global powers like the U.S. and the U.K. operate with hardened bunkers and ironclad lines of succession, Italy is currently a state ad...